Suggestions for calculating nest success. Proceedings Biological Sciences 267: 2287–93. Nest predation increases with parental activity: separating nest site and parental activity effects. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, DC, USA. In Transactions of the 61 st North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. Environmental perturbations and rates of nest predation in birds. Decreases in a population of Red-shouldered Hawks nesting in central Maryland. Edge effects on nest predation in the Shawnee National Forest, Southern Illinois. Reproduction, prey, and habitat of the Aplomado Falcon ( Falco femoralis) in desert grasslands of Chihuahua, Mexico. Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in Birds. The importance of juvenile cannibalism in the breeding biology of certain birds of prey. Department of Interior Research Report 2: 229–50. Population ecology of migratory birds: a symposium. Population ecology and environmental pollution: red-tailed and Cooper’s hawks. Can we manage cumulative impacts? Bioscience 40: 588–600. Landscape conservation in a forested wetland watershed. Cumulative impact assessment in bottomland hardwood forests. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC, USA. Gill (eds.) The Birds of North America, No. Breeding ecology of the Mississippi Kite in Arizona. National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC, USA. (eds.) Proceedings of the Southwest Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. Breeding biology of an urban population of Mississippi Kites in New Mexico. Neotropical migrant birds and edge effects at a forest-stream ecotones. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 12: 503–19. Observations on the Mississippi Kite in southwestern Kansas. Thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.įitch, H. Ecology and behavior of the Mississippi Kite ( Ictinia mississippiensis) in southern Illinois. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27: 571–81.Įvans, S. Using remote photography in wildlife ecology: a review. Gill (eds.) The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC, USA.Ĭutler, T. Avian habitat suitability along a transmission-line corridor in an oak-hickory forest region. Ecological Applicatons 12: 858–67.Ĭhasko, G. Songbird nest predation in forest-pasture edge and forest interior in a fragmented landscape. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1447–53.Ĭhalfoun, A.

Cannibalism of nestling American kestrels by their parents and siblings. American Midland Naturalist 134: 200–03.īortolotti, G. Depredation of artificial avian nests: a comparison of forest-field and forest-lake edges. Prairie Naturalist 21: 65–74.īollinger, E. The Mississippi Kite in the environmental history of the Southern Great Plains. Evidence of an edge effect on avian nest success. Conservation Biology 1: 1418–29.īatary, P. Comparing the effects of landscape fragmentation by forestry and agriculture on predation of artificial nests. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 1373–78.īayne, E. Nest-site characterization and reproductive success of Mississippi Kites in the Mississippi River floodplains. University Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA.īaerg, W. Reproductive success, causes of nesting failures, and habitat use of Swallow-tailed and Mississippi kites in the White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas. Notes on Mississippi Kites in Hemphill County, Texas. Predator behavior favors clumped nesting in an oceanic seabird. This low reproductive success rate is likely not adequate to support a viable population in the White River National Wildlife Refuge, indicating this may currently be a sink population.Īnderson, D. Reproductive success reported in this study was the second lowest (28%) of all Mississippi Kite studies. Other observed nest failures included nest abandonment, a chick falling out of a nest, and an infertile egg. Predation was the most common cause of nest failures of video observed nests (57%), with western rat snakes ( Elaphe obsoletd) being the most common predator of kite eggs and nestlings. We recorded seven nest failures and eight probable predation attempts. Using the Mayfield estimator, we determined the nest success to be 36.3% over 1226 nest-exposure days with a daily nest survival of 0.9837. The apparent reproductive success during this study was 28.2% (n = 39 nests). All kite nests not monitored with a video recording system were observed every 3 or 4 d.

Nest failures were documented using five video recording systems. In the White River National Wildlife Refuge, we located and monitored 39 Mississippi Kite ( Ictinia mississippiensis) nests during the 20 breeding seasons to examine reproductive success and causes of nesting failures.

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